Chicago Notes and Bibliography Handout from the University Writing Center

Page one

Chicago Notes & Bibliography

The University of Chicago publishes a citation style used primarily in Humanities and Social Sciences disciplines for documenting sources in a text.

Why do we cite?

To give credit to others for their ideas, words, and images

To lend credibility to our arguments

To connect our ideas to other writers’ ideas in our field

To provide readers with sources that they can use for their own projects

When do we cite?

When we quote other writers’ words

When we paraphrase (i.e., using your own words to explain someone else’s ideas)

When we use another writers’ tables, graphs, or images

What do I do if the information I need is not contained in this packet?

Check The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th Edition

Work with a Writing Center consultant

Visit the Purdue OWL

Where in the paper do I put my citations?

The Chicago Notes and Bibliography system offers writers a variety of ways to cite their sources. See page two of this handout for your options.

Page two: Book Citations

Footnotes or Endnotes?

Footnotes are generally preferred because they are placed within close proximity to the part of the paper in which the source is being cited. However, lengthy footnotes can take up large amounts of space, which can both affect the format of your paper and intimidate your readers. Know that footnotes are given at the bottom of the page in which you are citing a particular source whereas endnotes are placed in a “Notes” page, which is located at the end of your paper (see page 4 for an example). The best strategy is to ask your professor what she or he prefers.

Do I need a bibliography if I have notes?

Footnotes/endnotes require a full citation of the source, so technically a bibliography isn’t necessary. However, a bibliography provides a list of all the sources you’re working with, which helps the reader more easily account for your source material.

Also, the Chicago Style permits writers to include sources in their bibliography that they didn’t use in the paper.

Book, One Author, Notes

1. Harry C. Denny, Facing the Center: Toward an Identity Politics of One-To-On Mentoring

(Logan, UT: Utah State UP, 2010), 44.

2. Denny, Facing the Center, 85.

3. Ibid., 99.

Each time you introduce a new source, you need to give the full citation for that source. You only need to include the full citation once.

After you’ve given a full citation, you can use the #2 abbreviated style.

Finally, you can use the #3 style if it’s clear what source “Ibid.” refers to.

Book, One Author, Bibliography

Denny, Harry C. Facing the Center: Toward an Identity Politics of One-To-One Mentoring.

Logan, UT: Utah State UP, 2010.

Book Chapter, One Author with Editor, Notes

1. Michael A. Pemberton, “The Writing Lab Newsletter as History: Tracing the Growth of a

Scholarly Community,” in The Center Will Hold: Critical Perspectives on Writing Center Scholarship, ed. Michael A. Pemberton and Joyce Kinkead (Logan, UT: Utah State UP, 2003), 22.

2. Pemberton, “The Writing Lab Newsletter as History,” 25.

Book Chapter, One Author with Editor, Bibliography

Pemberton, Michael A. “The Writing Lab Newsletter as History: Tracing the Growth of a

Scholarly Community.” In The Center Will Hold: Critical Perspectives on Writing Center Scholarship, edited by Michael A. Pemberton and Joyce Kinkead, 21-40. Logan, UT: Utah State UP, 2003.

Page Three: Journals and Web Citations

Journal Article, One Author, Notes

1. Frederick Barthelme, “Architecture,” Kansas Quarterly 13, no. 3-4 (1981): 77.

2. Barthelme, “Architecture,” 78.

Journal Article, One Author, Bibliography

Barthelme, Frederick. “Architecture.” Kansas Quarterly 13, no. 3-4 (1981): 77-80.

Journal Article from Database, Notes

1. Nancy Tolson, “Making Books Available: The Role of Early Libraries, Librarians, and

Booksellers in the Promotion of African American Children’s Literature,” African

American Review 32 (1998): 9-16, EBSCOhost.

2. Tolson, “Making Books Available,” 11.

Journal Article from Database, Bibliography

Tolson, Nancy. “Making Books Available: The Role of Early Libraries, Librarians, and

Booksellers in the Promotion of African American Children’s Literature.” African

American Review 32 (1998): 9-16. EBSCOhost.

Article on Website, Notes

1. William Yeatman, “Global Warming 101: Solutions,” GlobalWarming.org, February 4,

2008, accessed October 10, 2008, http://www.globalwarming.org/2009/02/04/global-warming-101-solutions.html.

2. Yeatman, “Global Warming 101.”

Article on Website, Bibliography

Yeatman, William. “Global Warming 101: Solutions.” GlobalWarming.org, February 4, 2008.

Accessed October 10, 2008. http://www.globalwarming.org/2009/02/04/global-	warming-101-solutions.html.

Article on Website or in Web Magazine with No Author Listed, Notes

1. “New Child Vaccine Gets Funding Boost,” ninemsn, last modified March 21,

2001, http://news.ninemsn.com.au/health/story_13178.asp.html.

2. “New Child Vaccine”

Article on Website or in Web Magazines with No Author Listed, Bibliography

“New child vaccine gets funding boost.” ninemsn. Last modified March 21, 2001.

http://news.ninemsn.com.au/health/story_13178.asp.html.

Page four: Endnotes and Bibliography Pages

Notes

1. Harry C. Denny, Facing the Center: Toward an Identity Politics of One-To-On Mentoring

(Logan, UT: Utah State UP, 2010), 44.

2. Denny, Facing the Center, 85.

3. Pemberton, Michael A, “The Writing Lab Newsletter as History: Tracing the Growth of a

Scholarly Community,” in The Center Will Hold: Critical Perspectives on Writing Center Scholarship, ed. Michael A. Pemberton and Joyce Kinkead (Logan, UT: Utah State UP, 2003), 22.

4. Frederick Barthelme, “Architecture,” Kansas Quarterly 13, no. 3-4 (1981): 77.

5. Barthelme, “Architecture,” 78.

6. Ibid., 79

Bibliography

Denny, Harry C. Facing the Center: Toward an Identity Politics of One-To-One Mentoring.

Logan, UT: Utah State UP, 2010.

Pemberton, Michael A. “The Writing Lab Newsletter as History: Tracing the Growth of a

Scholarly Community.” In The Center Will Hold: Critical Perspectives on Writing Center Scholarship, edited by Michael A. Pemberton and Joyce Kinkead, 21-40. Logan, UT: Utah State UP, 2003.

Tolson, Nancy. “Making Books Available: The Role of Early Libraries, Librarians, and

Booksellers in the Promotion of African American Children’s Literature.” African

American Review 32 (1998): 9-16. EBSCOhost.

Page five: Additional Resources

Other Helpful Writing Center Handouts:

Using Sources

Quoting/paraphrasing/summarizing

Writing literature reviews

Writing Abstracts

Videos on our website:

Writing with sources https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5fLxoUiv6w&list=PLbzkU_tjDJSMdSCIJVXTUt0J5i9rmreQT